Match Statement (Python 3.10+)

Basic Match

  1. # match-case statement
  2. command = "start"
  3. match command:
  4.     case "start":
  5.         print("Starting...")
  6.     case "stop":
  7.         print("Stopping...")
  8.     case _:
  9.         print("Unknown")
  10. #ans: Starting...

Match with Or Pattern

  1. # multiple values
  2. status_code = 201
  3. match status_code:
  4.     case 200 | 201:
  5.         print("Success")
  6.     case 404:
  7.         print("Not Found")
  8.     case _:
  9.         print("Other")
  10. #ans: Success

Match with Default

  1. # underscore is wildcard
  2. x = 100
  3. match x:
  4.     case 1:
  5.         print("One")
  6.     case 2:
  7.         print("Two")
  8.     case _:
  9.         print("Default")
  10. #ans: Default

Match Without Default

  1. # no match, no output
  2. x = 5
  3. match x:
  4.     case 1:
  5.         print("One")
  6.     case 2:
  7.         print("Two")
  8. #ans: (nothing)

Exercises - Part 1

  1. # what prints?
  2. x = 2
  3. match x:
  4.     case 1:
  5.         print("One")
  6.     case 2:
  7.         print("Two")
  8.     case _:
  9.         print("Other")
  10. #ans: Two

Exercises - Part 2

  1. # default case?
  2. x = 100
  3. match x:
  4.     case 1:
  5.         print("One")
  6.     case _:
  7.         print("Default")
  8. #ans: Default

Exercises - Part 3

  1. # multiple values?
  2. x = 201
  3. match x:
  4.     case 200 | 201:
  5.         print("Success")
  6.     case _:
  7.         print("Other")
  8. #ans: Success

Exercises - Part 4

  1. # no match?
  2. x = 5
  3. match x:
  4.     case 1:
  5.         print("One")
  6.     case 2:
  7.         print("Two")
  8. #ans: nothing (no default, no match)

Exercises - Part 5

  1. # first match wins?
  2. x = 1
  3. match x:
  4.     case 1:
  5.         print("First")
  6.     case 1:
  7.         print("Second")
  8. #ans: First

Exercises - Part 6

  1. # match with string?
  2. cmd = "quit"
  3. match cmd:
  4.     case "start":
  5.         result = "Starting"
  6.     case "quit":
  7.         result = "Quitting"
  8. #ans: result is "Quitting"

Exercises - Part 7

  1. # wildcard position?
  2. x = 999
  3. match x:
  4.     case _:
  5.         print("Any")
  6.     case 999:
  7.         print("999")
  8. #ans: Any (wildcard matches first)

Exercises - Part 8

  1. # or pattern?
  2. x = 503
  3. match x:
  4.     case 500 | 502 | 503:
  5.         print("Server Error")
  6. #ans: Server Error

Exercises - Part 9

  1. # match None?
  2. x = None
  3. match x:
  4.     case None:
  5.         print("Is None")
  6.     case _:
  7.         print("Not None")
  8. #ans: Is None

Exercises - Part 10

  1. # match with guard? (advanced)
  2. x = 15
  3. match x:
  4.     case n if n > 10:
  5.         print("Big")
  6.     case _:
  7.         print("Small")
  8. #ans: Big

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